Reference SummaryHeikkinen P, Radiat Res 2001 Dec;156(6):775-85
Title |
Effects of mobile phone radiation on x-ray-induced tumorigenesis in mice. | ||||
Authors |
Heikkinen P; Kosma VM; Hongisto T; Huuskonen H; Hyysalo P; Komulainen H; Kumlin T; Lahtinen T; Lang S; Puranen L; Juutilainen J | ||||
Journal |
Radiat Res | ||||
Volume |
156 | ||||
Issue |
6 | ||||
Year |
2001 | ||||
Pages |
775-85 | ||||
Abstract |
Heikkinen, P., Kosma, V-M., Hongisto, T., Huuskonen, H., Hyysalo, P., Komulainen, H., Kumlin, T., Lahtinen, T., Lang, S., Puranen, L. and Juutilainen, J. Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation on X-Ray-Induced Tumorigenesis in Mice. Radiat. Res. 156, 775-785 (2001).The increased use of mobile phones has raised the question of possible health effects of such devices, particularly the risk of cancer. It seems unlikely that the low-level radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted by them would damage DNA directly, but its ability to act as a tumor promoter is less well characterized. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of low-level RF radiation on the development of cancer initiated in mice by ionizing radiation. Two hundred female CBA/S mice were randomized into four equal groups at the age of 3 to 5 weeks. The mice in all groups except the cage-control group were exposed to ionizing radiation at the beginning of the study and then to RF radiation for 1.5 h per day, 5 days a week for 78 weeks. One group was exposed to continuous NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephones)-type frequency-modulated RF radiation at a frequency of 902.5 MHz and a nominal average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.5 W/kg. Another group was exposed to pulsed GSM (Global System for Mobile)-type RF radiation (carrier-wave frequency 902.4 MHz, pulse frequency 217 Hz) at a nominal average SAR of 0.35 W/kg. The control animals were sham-exposed. Body weight, clinical signs, and food and water consumption were recorded regularly. Hematological examinations and histopathological analyses of all lesions and major tissues were performed on all animals. The RF-radiation exposures did not increase the incidence of any neoplastic lesion significantly. We conclude that the results do not provide evidence for cancer promotion by RF radiation emitted by mobile phones. | ||||
Links |
J:73373 – MGI References 11741502 – National Library of Medicine/PubMed |
||||
Strain Notes
|
Strain | Model Name | Treatment Agent(s) | Organ Affected | Frequency | Model Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Cortex adenoma | Adrenal gland - Cortex |
0 |
||
CBA | Adrenal gland - Cortex adenoma |
|
Adrenal gland - Cortex |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Cortex adenoma |
|
Adrenal gland - Cortex |
2.0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Cortex lesion | Adrenal gland - Cortex |
16 |
||
CBA | Adrenal gland - Cortex lesion |
|
Adrenal gland - Cortex |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Cortex lesion |
|
Adrenal gland - Cortex |
2.0 - 6.0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla hyperplasia | Adrenal gland - Medulla |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla hyperplasia |
|
Adrenal gland - Medulla |
6.0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla hyperplasia |
|
Adrenal gland - Medulla |
2.0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma | Adrenal gland - Medulla |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma |
|
Adrenal gland - Medulla |
10 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma |
|
Adrenal gland - Medulla |
0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma - benign | Adrenal gland - Medulla |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma - benign |
|
Adrenal gland - Medulla |
8.0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma - benign |
|
Adrenal gland - Medulla |
0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma - malignant | Adrenal gland - Medulla |
0 |
||
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma - malignant |
|
Adrenal gland - Medulla |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma - malignant |
|
Adrenal gland - Medulla |
0 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell adenoma | Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell |
0 |
||
CBA | Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell adenoma |
|
Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell |
14 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell adenoma |
|
Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell |
8.0 - 10 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell hyperplasia | Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell |
100 |
||
CBA | Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell hyperplasia |
|
Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell |
100 |
|
CBA | Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell hyperplasia |
|
Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell |
100 |
|
CBA | Blood vessel hemangioma | Subcutis |
0 |
||
CBA | Blood vessel hemangioma |
|
Subcutis |
0 |
|
CBA | Blood vessel hemangioma |
|
Subcutis |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma | Ovary |
0 |
||
CBA | Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma |
|
Ovary |
0 |
|
CBA | Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma |
|
Ovary |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland adenoma | Eye - Harderian gland |
20 |
||
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland adenoma |
|
Eye - Harderian gland |
46 |
|
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland adenoma |
|
Eye - Harderian gland |
56 - 60 |
|
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland carcinoma | Eye - Harderian gland |
0 |
||
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland carcinoma |
|
Eye - Harderian gland |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland carcinoma |
|
Eye - Harderian gland |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland hyperplasia | Eye - Harderian gland |
10 |
||
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland hyperplasia |
|
Eye - Harderian gland |
26 |
|
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland hyperplasia |
|
Eye - Harderian gland |
10 - 14 |
|
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland tumor | Eye - Harderian gland |
20 |
||
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland tumor |
|
Eye - Harderian gland |
46 |
|
CBA | Eye - Harderian gland tumor |
|
Eye - Harderian gland |
58 - 62 |
|
CBA | Forestomach squamous cell papilloma | Forestomach |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Forestomach squamous cell papilloma |
|
Forestomach |
0 |
|
CBA | Forestomach squamous cell papilloma |
|
Forestomach |
0 |
|
CBA | Kidney adenoma | Kidney |
0 |
||
CBA | Kidney adenoma |
|
Kidney |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Kidney adenoma |
|
Kidney |
0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Kidney carcinoma | Kidney |
0 |
||
CBA | Kidney carcinoma |
|
Kidney |
0 |
|
CBA | Kidney carcinoma |
|
Kidney |
0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Kidney hyperplasia - tubular | Kidney |
8.0 |
||
CBA | Kidney hyperplasia - tubular |
|
Kidney |
10 |
|
CBA | Kidney hyperplasia - tubular |
|
Kidney |
8.0 - 14 |
|
CBA | Kidney tumor | Kidney |
0 |
||
CBA | Kidney tumor |
|
Kidney |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Kidney tumor |
|
Kidney |
4.0 |
|
CBA | Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma | Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma |
|
Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte |
4.0 |
|
CBA | Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma |
|
Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte |
6.0 - 8.0 |
|
CBA | Liver foci - basophilic | Liver |
28 |
||
CBA | Liver foci - basophilic |
|
Liver |
36 |
|
CBA | Liver foci - basophilic |
|
Liver |
24 - 34 |
|
CBA | Liver foci - clear cell | Liver |
20 |
||
CBA | Liver foci - clear cell |
|
Liver |
6.0 |
|
CBA | Liver foci - clear cell |
|
Liver |
0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Liver foci - eosinophilic | Liver |
6.0 |
||
CBA | Liver foci - eosinophilic |
|
Liver |
0 |
|
CBA | Liver foci - eosinophilic |
|
Liver |
4.0 |
|
CBA | Liver hepatocellular adenoma | Liver |
14 |
||
CBA | Liver hepatocellular adenoma |
|
Liver |
18 |
|
CBA | Liver hepatocellular adenoma |
|
Liver |
10 |
|
CBA | Liver hepatocellular carcinoma | Liver |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Liver hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
Liver |
8.0 |
|
CBA | Liver hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
Liver |
8.0 - 14 |
|
CBA | Liver hepatocellular tumor | Liver |
14 |
||
CBA | Liver hepatocellular tumor |
|
Liver |
22 |
|
CBA | Liver hepatocellular tumor |
|
Liver |
18 - 24 |
|
CBA | Lung adenoma | Lung |
4.0 |
||
CBA | Lung adenoma |
|
Lung |
10 |
|
CBA | Lung adenoma |
|
Lung |
10 - 18 |
|
CBA | Lung carcinoma | Lung |
4.0 |
||
CBA | Lung carcinoma |
|
Lung |
6.0 |
|
CBA | Lung carcinoma |
|
Lung |
2.0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Lung hyperplasia | Lung |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Lung hyperplasia |
|
Lung |
6.0 |
|
CBA | Lung hyperplasia |
|
Lung |
8.0 - 10 |
|
CBA | Lung tumor | Lung |
8.0 |
||
CBA | Lung tumor |
|
Lung |
14 |
|
CBA | Lung tumor |
|
Lung |
12 - 20 |
|
CBA | Lymph node - Cervical hyperplasia - lymphoid | Lymph node - Cervical |
0 |
||
CBA | Lymph node - Cervical hyperplasia - lymphoid |
|
Lymph node - Cervical |
22 |
|
CBA | Lymph node - Cervical hyperplasia - lymphoid |
|
Lymph node - Cervical |
6.0 - 10 |
|
CBA | Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma | CNS - Meninges |
0 |
||
CBA | Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma | Mesodermal cell/mesoblast |
0 |
||
CBA | Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma |
|
CNS - Meninges |
0 |
|
CBA | Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma |
|
Mesodermal cell/mesoblast |
0 |
|
CBA | Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma |
|
CNS - Meninges |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma |
|
Mesodermal cell/mesoblast |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Mesothelium mesothelioma | Mesothelium |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Mesothelium mesothelioma |
|
Mesothelium |
0 |
|
CBA | Mesothelium mesothelioma |
|
Mesothelium |
0 |
|
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor | Ovary - Granulosa cell |
0 |
||
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor |
|
Ovary - Granulosa cell |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor |
|
Ovary - Granulosa cell |
2.0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor - benign | Ovary - Granulosa cell |
0 |
||
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor - benign |
|
Ovary - Granulosa cell |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor - benign |
|
Ovary - Granulosa cell |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor - malignant | Ovary - Granulosa cell |
0 |
||
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor - malignant |
|
Ovary - Granulosa cell |
0 |
|
CBA | Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor - malignant |
|
Ovary - Granulosa cell |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Ovary adenoma - tubulostromal | Ovary |
0 |
||
CBA | Ovary adenoma - tubulostromal |
|
Ovary |
46 |
|
CBA | Ovary adenoma - tubulostromal |
|
Ovary |
46 |
|
CBA | Ovary hyperplasia - tubulostromal | Ovary |
4.1 |
||
CBA | Ovary hyperplasia - tubulostromal |
|
Ovary |
52 |
|
CBA | Ovary hyperplasia - tubulostromal |
|
Ovary |
52 - 58 |
|
CBA | Ovary luteoma | Ovary |
0 |
||
CBA | Ovary luteoma |
|
Ovary |
0 |
|
CBA | Ovary luteoma |
|
Ovary |
0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Pancreas - Acinar cell adenoma | Pancreas - Acinar cell |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Pancreas - Acinar cell adenoma |
|
Pancreas - Acinar cell |
0 |
|
CBA | Pancreas - Acinar cell adenoma |
|
Pancreas - Acinar cell |
0 |
|
CBA | Pancreas - Acinar cell hyperplasia | Pancreas - Acinar cell |
22 |
||
CBA | Pancreas - Acinar cell hyperplasia |
|
Pancreas - Acinar cell |
16 |
|
CBA | Pancreas - Acinar cell hyperplasia |
|
Pancreas - Acinar cell |
10 - 22 |
|
CBA | Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans adenoma | Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans adenoma |
|
Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans |
0 |
|
CBA | Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans adenoma |
|
Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans |
0 |
|
CBA | Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans hyperplasia | Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans |
35 |
||
CBA | Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans hyperplasia |
|
Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans |
14 |
|
CBA | Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans hyperplasia |
|
Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans |
8.0 - 20 |
|
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis adenocarcinoma | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
0 |
||
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis adenocarcinoma |
|
Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
0 |
|
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis adenocarcinoma |
|
Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis adenoma | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
0 |
||
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis adenoma |
|
Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis adenoma |
|
Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
4.1 - 6.0 |
|
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis hyperplasia | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
0 |
||
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis hyperplasia |
|
Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis hyperplasia |
|
Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
0 - 8.2 |
|
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis tumor | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
0 |
||
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis tumor |
|
Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
2.0 |
|
CBA | Pituitary gland - Pars distalis tumor |
|
Pituitary gland - Pars distalis |
6.0 - 6.1 |
|
CBA | Skin - Melanocyte melanoma - malignant | Skin - Melanocyte |
0 |
||
CBA | Skin - Melanocyte melanoma - malignant |
|
Skin - Melanocyte |
0 |
|
CBA | Skin - Melanocyte melanoma - malignant |
|
Skin - Melanocyte |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Thyroid gland - Follicular cell adenoma | Thyroid gland - Follicular cell |
0 |
||
CBA | Thyroid gland - Follicular cell adenoma |
|
Thyroid gland - Follicular cell |
0 |
|
CBA | Thyroid gland - Follicular cell adenoma |
|
Thyroid gland - Follicular cell |
0 - 4.1 |
|
CBA | Thyroid gland - Follicular cell hyperplasia | Thyroid gland - Follicular cell |
50 |
||
CBA | Thyroid gland - Follicular cell hyperplasia |
|
Thyroid gland - Follicular cell |
26 |
|
CBA | Thyroid gland - Follicular cell hyperplasia |
|
Thyroid gland - Follicular cell |
20 - 38 |
|
CBA | Thyroid gland - Medulla - C cell adenoma | Thyroid gland - Medulla - C cell |
0 |
||
CBA | Thyroid gland - Medulla - C cell adenoma |
|
Thyroid gland - Medulla - C cell |
0 |
|
CBA | Thyroid gland - Medulla - C cell adenoma |
|
Thyroid gland - Medulla - C cell |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma polyp | Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma |
0 |
||
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma polyp |
|
Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma |
8.2 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma polyp |
|
Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma |
6.0 - 10 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium adenocarcinoma | Uterus - Endometrium |
0 |
||
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium adenocarcinoma |
|
Uterus - Endometrium |
0 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium adenocarcinoma |
|
Uterus - Endometrium |
0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium adenoma | Uterus - Endometrium |
0 |
||
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium adenoma |
|
Uterus - Endometrium |
0 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium adenoma |
|
Uterus - Endometrium |
0 - 2.0 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium hyperplasia - cystic | Uterus - Endometrium |
72 |
||
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium hyperplasia - cystic |
|
Uterus - Endometrium |
90 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium hyperplasia - cystic |
|
Uterus - Endometrium |
74 - 90 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium tumor | Uterus - Endometrium |
0 |
||
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium tumor |
|
Uterus - Endometrium |
0 |
|
CBA | Uterus - Endometrium tumor |
|
Uterus - Endometrium |
2.0 - 4.0 |
|
CBA | Uterus polyp - glandular | Uterus |
0 |
||
CBA | Uterus polyp - glandular |
|
Uterus |
12 |
|
CBA | Uterus polyp - glandular |
|
Uterus |
0 - 6.0 |
|
CBA | Vagina polyp - adenomatous/stromal | Vagina |
2.0 |
||
CBA | Vagina polyp - adenomatous/stromal |
|
Vagina |
0 |
|
CBA | Vagina polyp - adenomatous/stromal |
|
Vagina |
0 |
|
CBA | (Unspecified organ) carcinoma | (Unspecified organ) |
0 |
||
CBA | (Unspecified organ) carcinoma |
|
(Unspecified organ) |
2.0 |
|
CBA | (Unspecified organ) carcinoma |
|
(Unspecified organ) |
0 |
|
CBA | (Unspecified organ) lymphoma | (Unspecified organ) |
0 |
||
CBA | (Unspecified organ) lymphoma |
|
(Unspecified organ) |
24 |
|
CBA | (Unspecified organ) lymphoma |
|
(Unspecified organ) |
20 - 24 |